End-of-life care refers to Patient-Centered care for a life-limiting illness that meets the patient’s medical, physical, psychological, Spiritual and social needs and to provide relief of suffering, comfort, companionship. Older people often live with one or more chronic illnesses and need a lot of care for days, weeks, and even months before death. Hospice care is a divine service that emphasizes symptom management without life-prolonging treatment, and is meant to enhance the quality of life for both patients with a limited life expectancy and the Withholding or Withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments in terminal illness.

Noble administration of symptoms in the terminal phase is the main concern of patients and their families. Nursing care is prescribed for patients regardless of care setting; The decline in their health can be very unpleasant. The palliative care approach to symptom management is based thorough estimation of current symptoms, and planning ahead for common problems. There is a consistent positive blow of palliative care services on symptoms, quality of life, and satisfaction at the end of life. Symptom management guidelines include data about clinical decision making, symptom assessment, and symptom management.

Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine focuses on improving the quality of life. By giving diagnosis and treatment, it is usual for patients to experience challenging psychological distress and from their disease and the treatment. Rehabilitative care finds strategies to manage common barriers to achieving goals such as breathlessness, fatigue anxiety and depression.

Occupational therapy plays a significant role in Palliative and hospice care. Occupational therapy practitioners consider physical and psychosocial and behavioral health needs of the patient, support systems and the available resources and the environments in which the patient wants and is capable to participate.

Spirituality can be described as that which recognizes and response to the human spirit. Spiritual Care also discusses about universal human need for love, relatedness, hope, value, and dignity. Spirituality may involve religious beliefs and practices. It is the spirit and sense behind all moral values and assets such as benevolence, honesty, compassion, sympathy, respect, forgiveness, integrity, loving kindness towards patients, and respect for nature. Spiritual Care is a one-to-one relationship, is patient-centered care and makes no assumptions about personal condemnation or life orientation. But Religious care is given in the environment of the shared religious beliefs, values, and lifestyle of a faith community.

Patients with serious or life-threatening sickness are likely to find in an emergency department and they should expect to receive high-quality palliative care in that situation. Older adults move between different levels of care throughout their chronic illness trajectory. Recently, emergency medicine has been progressively taken a major role in the early implementation of palliative care. Wide integration of palliative care into the everyday practice of emergency medicine is necessary; however, it is often jeopardized by the demands of many challenging priorities.

The goal of palliative care is to help them achieve a life beyond treatment through relief of suffering, control of symptoms, while remaining sensitive to personal, cultural and religious values, believes and practices. The goals of a nurse are caring for patients with acute and chronic illness, providing comprehensive care, ensuring finest patient care.

Pediatric Palliative care is a unique medical care for children with critical medical conditions, comprising Genetic disorders, Prematurity, Cancer, Neurologic disorders, heart and lung conditions and more. Palliative care for youngsters is the energetic complete care of the child’s body, mind, and spirit, and also involves giving support to the family. Child psychology also helps in better paediatric care. Pediatric palliative care is offered by a group of doctors, nurses and other specialists as an additional level of support. Briefly, it assists the child and the family gains the strength to continue with daily life.

Cancer and its treatment frequently cause side effects. Lightening a person’s symptoms and side effects is a vital part of cancer care. This style of treatment is called symptom management, supportive care, or palliative care. Palliative care is given during a patient’s experience with cancer. It should start at diagnosis and prolong through treatment, follow-up care, and the end of life. Cancer symptoms might include pain, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, anxiety, depression, constipation, diarrhoea, confusion or shortness of breath. Palliative Care specialists are expertise to interpret the complex medical statistics and can help you understand.

Hospice Palliative Care includes efficient symptom and pain management to aid patients and families to deal with End of life issues with Dignity in dying.

Physicians Assisted Death: When a patient suffering is unbearable, Dying person has the choice to control their death of their own life.

Trauma is considered as the physical injury or damage caused by external force. Trauma majorly leads to severe symptoms like chronic pain and many more. So that, Trauma has been considered to offer end-of-life care for traumatic patients. The benefits of palliative care in terminally ill and critical patients are well recognized and are welcomed into trauma and surgical patients.

The old get Sick very differently. Geriatrics is the fork that deals with health care of elderly people. Geriatrics is different from adult medicine because it focusses on unique needs of an elderly person. The major obstacles for elderly patients can be a rapid change in mental status, acute pain, uncertain symptoms, decline of health, Dehydration, Anorexia, strange medical reactions. The major goals of geriatric palliative care: maintaining control, increasing the quality of life, co-operative care.

Non-malignant diseases (non-cancerous) also need palliative care in several cases. Non-malignant diseases like respiratory, a chronic, non-treatable progressive condition that needs appropriate treatment and symptom management that encompasses of interstitial lung disease, bronchiectasis breathlessness and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often associated with advanced COPD are fatigue, pain, and cough. Heart Disease recognizes the necessity for patients with heart failure to have access to palliative care services for on-going support and advice; and for Renal Services, Type1, Type2 diabetes patients near to the end of life to have a mutual palliative care plan, fabricated around their individual needs and preferences.

Palliative care can disclose a broad range of issues, assimilating an individual’s specific needs into care. The physical and emotional effects of cancer and its treatment may vary from person to person. For instance, differences in cultural background, age, and support systems may rise in very different palliative care needs.

Psychology is the branch of behaviour and mind, involving all features of conscious and unconscious knowledge. Many patients obtaining palliative care suffer from anxiety, depression, hysteria, delirium, or other emotional disorders. Subsequently, the collusion between the fields of psychiatry and palliative care has grown significantly in last few decades. The collective treatment of psychiatric medication and psychotherapy has converted into the most regular mode of psychiatric treatment in existing custom.

Patients with major neurological diseases at the end of life have need of the skilled and caring assistance. These patients’ needs are different from normal sick patients. The people who is providing palliative care need to carefully understand and treat neurological symptoms such as depression, pain, anxiety, fatigue, urinary urgency,  sleep, constipation, and sexual dysfunction. Numerous studies have shown that non-motor symptoms over time are among the most function-limiting for patients, and affect caregiver stress and overall quality of life beyond motor symptoms.

Genetic disorders may also be complex, or polygenic, multifactorial, triggered by one or more gene abnormalities. Technological advances have extended life for numerous people with genetic diseases. The end-of-life program has origins in the hospice movement with people suffering from genetic disarrays. A nurse assists the sick patient to make the most of living.